Method of manufacturing gas.



8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented'Nov. 2, 1909.

C. B. TULLY.

METHOD v0F MANUFACTURING GAS. 'APrLIoATIoN FILED JULY 1906. 9 38, 9 1 9.

c. B. TULLY, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GAS. APPLOATION FILED JULY 6, 1906.

'Patented Nov. 2, 1909.-

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c. B. TULLY. METHOD 0F MANUFACTURING GAS.

APPLIUATION FILED JULY 6, 1906. I v 938,9 1 9. Patented Nov. 2, 1909.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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communsnnricrrrrnnv TULLY, or woonGREEN, LONDON, ENGLAND.,-

IETHOD 0F- MANUFACTBING GAS.

- To all 'whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, CORNELIUSBRIT'IIFFE TULLY, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Vood i Green, in the county of London, England,

have invented Improvements in' Methods of Manufacturing Gas, of -which the following is a specification.

In the manufacture or production of carbureted water gas suitable for heating and lighting purposes, it is now common to rst raise a mass of ignited coke,.or other suitable carbonaceous fuel, to a state of incandescence in a as producer by blowing air to ass the resulting combustib e gas into car ureting and superheating or fixing chambers wherein it is burnedl .by admixture with air'l so' asto heatsuch chambers toa high temperature, the resulting products of combustion being discharged into the external atmosphere past al snift When the fuel has been thus raised to a suitably high degree of incandescence, and the carburetmg and superheatin chambers have been heated to a sufficient high tem erature, the. supply of air to tie gas pro ucer and chambers'is shut ofi', the snift valve closed, and steam injected into the mass of incandescent fuel in the gas producer, the resulting water gas formed during this portion of the rocess being led upward through the solid uel to the top of the gas producer whence it is led into the top of the carbureting chamber into which oil, such as crude petroleum, parafiin and the like, de-

signed for carburetingthe gas, is simultaneously sprayed, the gas and .oil being ledthrough the carburetmg chamber 'wherein the oil is decomposed and the resulting gaseous products intimately mixed with the water gas, the mixture iowing onward through the carbureting and superheating chambers wherein the condensable portion of themixture 1s moreI or less fixed, z. e., converted into permanent gas, and the resulting carbureted water 'gas being then led through a hydraulic .box and gas purifying apparatus into a gas holder.

Now the present invention has reference to various improvements in or relating to the manufacture or production of carbureted water gas, all as hereinafter more particularly described and pointed out in the claims.l Inthe ordinary method of manufacturing i carbureted water gas hereinbefore described more oil and s olid fuel are consumed than is specificati@ or vLetters Parent. vApplication :nea my s, 190e. serial' meanest.

desirable from an economical point of View, and the gas passing from the carburetmg and superheatlng portions of the plant con- `tains much tar or other heavy hydrocarbon that .has to be separated therefrom in thel purifying apparatus and forms a by product that 1s not utilized in the manufacture of .the as and for which there is little demand ont e market.

Now an objecto-f the resent invention is to manufact-'megas suita le for heatingand illuminating purposes in such a. way as to admit of a large quantity of'tar or other heavy hydrocarbon, which is comparatively cheap, and less oil and coke or other solid fuel, which are comparatively, dear, being used than heretofore usual in the manufac- .ture of a. given-volume of gas ofthe kind referred to, and also to enable a cleaner and better gas to be discharged from the car'- bursting and s'uperheating portion. of the plant than usual, so as to throw less work on the; purifying apparatus' and permit the same to continue working for longer periods` of time, withoutcleaning, than is ordinarily the case, and `in this way cheapen and improve the manufacture of gas of the kind referred to. For this purpose during the preliminary or blowing up stage of the process of manufacturing gas according to this invention, air is caused to pass through only the lower portion of the mass of solid fuel in a gas generator, say for example through about one half the height of the massof fuel, which is'thcreby raised to a state ot'incandescence, and the resulting combustible gas,

after leaving the fuel, is mixed with air'and partally burned in proximity to but out of contact'with the upper port-ion of vthe mass i 'neously Supplied to the upper portion of l Patented Novi 2, 1909.A A

lOl

the top part of the upper fuel thus' heated,

so as to become decomposed thereby, the solid products of the decomposition being deposited in the fuel, and the gaseous or vap.-

crous portion thereof being caused to flow downward and mix with the combustible gas flowing off from the lower incandescent portion of the fuel and also become partly burned therewith, the highly heated products of incomplete combustion being lthence" led into the carbureting and superheating portions of the plant, wherein the combustion 1s i completed by addition ofmore air and such portion of plant raised to a very high temperature, the products of complete combustion finally escaping into theexternal atmosphere, as before, Apast asnift valve.

' After the above described preliminary or blowing up stage of 'the process has con-y tinued for a sufficient time to'raise the lower portion of the fuel to the required degree of mcandescence, and thejcarbureting and superheating portionof the plant to a suitably high temperature, the supplyof air -to the as generating, carbureting and superheatmg portions of the. l'ant is cut off, the snift valve closed, and t e exit of gas from between the lower andsupper portions of fuel in the gas generator prevented. Steam and tar are then injected into the lower incandescent portion ofy the" fuel, and foil istion of the tar,suppl1ed to the upper heated portion of the fuel, passing on to ether into ,the carbureting portion of the p ant where .they become mixed with the products. re-

sulting from the decomposition of the oil simultaneously entering that portion of the plant. Thel aseous mixture then flows through the hlghly heated carbureting and superheating portion ofthe plant wherein it is fixed and the resulting gas is led through .a hydraulic box and purifying apparatus,

` that may be of ordinary'construction, into a gas holder. The-injection of the steam and tar may be continued for from six to eight minutes according tot-he heat of the gener\` ator. The tar, inpractice, isshut off about one minute or so before the ste' n to allow the plant to become clear of tar. In this way a large quantity of tar, for example carbureted water as'tar, or coal gas tar, and a relatively sma l quantity of oil, can be employed in the manufacture of heatingand illuminating-gasof good qualit ,and, owing to the continuous deposition o solid carbonamong the coke orother solid-fuel in the gas producer, resulting from the decompos sition of the tar, the consumption ofsuch solid fuel will be yretarded and less of it burned, the result of the improved process being that thecost of manufacture of'thev gas will lbe considerably reduced as comi I pared with the ordinary mode of manu facture.

The u er portion of the gasgenerator surroun e by the jacket vor combustion chamber, forms a retort that contains a deep A column of` solid fuel. In some cases, the said retort may be replaced by two or more retorts that are'surrou'nded by the combustion. chamber and communicate at the bot' tom with the to of the fuel chamber in the lower part of t e" as generator and at the top with the cham er atv the up er end of the generator into which-solid uel is fed and' which is provided with the outlet 'through which the water gas is led direct to thecarbureting and superheating chambers.

The production in the upper part of the gas generator of one or more deep columns of highly heated solid fuel through which the water gas producedfin the lower incandescent -portion of fuel is caused to flowI and thence at once passed to the carbureting and superheating portion of the plant,`

also admits of a better qualit of'carbureted water gas being produced, t :ln-heretofore,

in those cases where the water 'gas isl produced in the usual way by sim ly injecting steam, without tar, into the ower incandescent portion of the fuel.

In the accompanying illustrative draw-` ings, Figure 1 shows partly in vertical section and partly in side elevation, apparatus that is mainly, of the kind heretofore employed for the manufacture of carbureted water gas but modified to enable such manufacture to be carried out in the improved manner hereinbefore described. Fig. 2 is a similar View to Fig. 1 showin a modified construction. Fig. 3.is a similar view to 'lol Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 a cross lsection on the line A A of Fig. 3, showing a further modified construction.

`-In carryingl out the invention hereinbefore described,'it is preferred to use a gas generator a the upper' portion of which is constructed, as heretofore, with a surrounding annular combustion chamber or jacket d that is in communication at the lower end with the interior of the gasgenerator through a series of openings c arranged between the top and bottom of\the generator, and at the top is adapted to be placed in communication with the top of a carbureting chamber e by an outlet e1, a connecting pipe f provided with a valve g, and a pipe To the jacket (l is connected an air supplyI ,worked ing such, say about 2000 F. (two thousand degrees Fahrenheit), as to-cause automatic ignition ofthe gaswhen .the air supply is turned on. The upper end of the gas generator a is, in addition to the nor-A top ofthe fuel in the said upper portion ofesame a pipe, such as p with valve g, and the pipef1, and with means, suchr as one or more steam nozzles 9', for injecting tar on to the the gas generator a.. rEhe gas outletpipe p from the top of the gas generator a may, if desired, and as shown in Fig. 2,. be connected to the gas outiet pipes f and f1. from the jacket d, andthe two pipes p and f be controlled by a single Ytwo-way valve at f2, iustead'of by the two valves gandg. The lower ortion of the gas generator may be of uni crm diameter, as shown, and is pro- Avided at the bottom, as heretofore, with one or more inlets zfor air and steam, .with a grate or hearth as and with a stirring hole -m, inlets n for steam and tar being arthat the combustible ranged about midway betweenthe grate or `hearth k and the openings c;

'y The working of the apparatus is as follows During the preliminary or blowing up stagepf process of gas manufacture, theI valve g 1s open, and the .valve closed, so l ses pro uced when raising the lower portion of the fuel in the gas generator to incandescence by the air blown therein will pass through the open! ings c into the jacket d and thence to the carburetin vchamber e. Air is simultaneso as to burn some of the gases in the jacket and raise the fuel in the upper part of the generator to a high temperature, and tar is simultaneously injected through the nozzle or nozzles 'r on to the top of the said heated fuel, the solid products of decomposition of such tar being deposited in the fuel while the gaseous or vaporous products pass downward through the fuel and flow with the ascending 'gases from the lower portion of fuel through the openings cinto the jacket (Z. The supply of air in the jacket d and/to the incandescent fuel is afterward cut oli' and steam and tar, injected into the 'incan descent fuel through the inlets n and 'n' respectively in the lower part of the generator for the production of carbureted water gas. During the production of the carbureted water gas the valve g is closed and the valve g is open, but tar 1s still injected on to the top of the heated mass of fuel in the upper part of the gas generator through which the gaseous products resulting'from the decomposition of the steam and tar in. jected into the'lower incandescent mass of fuel iiow in an upward direction and' in which the solid products of such decomposition are arrested, while the gaseous and vaporous products of decomposition ofthe tar injected on to the upper heatedv portion of the fuel will become mixed with the first part of the generator, the gaseous and vapcrousI mixture thence flowing od throu h the outlet b, pipe p, valve g and pipe f1 irect nto the carbureting chamber e. In this way the gaseous and vaporous products of decomposition of the tar admitted to the top of the gas generator are prevented from being injured by excessive heating and are made lavailable for carbureting or enriching the water gas.

. n the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the upper part of the gas generator a is provided with several retorts a1 that extend 'throu h the bottom and top of the combustion c amber `al and open into the lower part of the generator designed to contain the lower portion of the fuel, and also into the upper fuel supply chamberoa, the said retorts being designed to provide'several deep columns of highly heated fuel. The retorts are preferably made slightly conical to facilitate the Vpassage .of solid fuel therethrough in a downward direction into the lower portion ofthe generator. The openings c1 between the gas generator a and the combustion chamberd are formed in the bottom wall of such chamber. The combustion chamber d may advantageously be charged with means, such as checker-work d1, that will act to store up the heat received from the hot gases during the blowing up stage of the process and' maintain the retorts a1' and the fuel therein at a high temperature duringv the gas makin operation proper. nl are nozzles for admitting steam to the lower 'end of the gas generator. In other respects the arrangement is or may be like that shown in Fig. 1. When it is desired to produce water gas alone in the lower portion of the gas generator, the supply of tar to the incandescent fuel by injection with steam is omitted, and the water gas, produced by the injection of steam alone, is caused to flow upward, through the columns of fuel in the retorts al, previously heated to a high temperature and is thence led by the outlet b, va-lve g and pipes p and f1- to the carbureting chamber -e as 1n the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, tar being simultaneously supplied through the nozzles r tothe highly heated columns of fuel in ther retorts, or not, as may be desired. Even if the tar be omitted, the 'quality of the water gas will beimproved by passing through the highly heated upper mass of fuel. l

`When"making carbureted water gas in the manner hereinbefore described, the gas delivered from the gas generator to the carbureter and superheater will usually not need vto be further carbureted by simultaneously spraying oil into the carbureting chamber e. According to an alternative method of making carbureted water gas according to this invention, water gas is produced by inpassing the resultingv `e is provi jecting steam alone, theA lower incandescent mass of fuel and s through the comustion' chamber d, va ve g, and pipes f and f1 to the carbureting chamber `e an simultaneously supplyin tar l highl heated fue in the retorts a1 so that it wil be decomposed thereby, and passin the resulting gaseous and vaporous pro ucts `of decom and' leading them upward through the to become converted into a more or less permanent gas which is caused to flow on with the water, gas into the carbureting chamber e where the mixed ases are carbureted b vthe 'simultaneous' a mission of oilv to suc chamber, the resulting products assing through the superheater, as before, o'r fixing the gas. In this case the outlet b from the top of thegenerator a, is closed. When, toward the close of such a gas making stage, the oil is shut off from the carbureting chamber to allow of such chamber and superheating chambers b ingl freed fromoil previous to again heatineg t ese chambers to. a high temperature, the' valve g may be closed and the valve g opened so that the carbureted water gas resu ing from the decomposition of steam, or steam and tar, in the lower part of the fuel will pass u ward through the upper heated columns o fuel and mix with the gaseous and vaporous products of decom osition of the tar admltted to thetop of t e gener'ator and the mixed products led direct t and passed through the carbureting and su erheating chambers without admission of) oil, accordin to the method firsthereinbefore describe By this means the water gas produced during the latter ortion o the gas producing stage wil be heated fue than would otherwise be t e case and improve the `quality of the gas produced. By means of the apparatus described, carbureted water gas can be Aproduced, at will, in either of the ways described. Or it may be produced during one stage in the one way and in another stage by the other way, so as to produce carbureted water gas of any desired illuminating power.

The carbureting and superheatng portion of the plant may, as shown in Fig. 1, consist as` usual, of two chambers, viz. a carbureting bert, charged with refractory brickwork u, and connected together at their lower ends by a passage lv.

The up er end of the carbureting chamber ed with means, such as a nozzle w and air pipe as usual, for separately introducin oil and vair thereto, an the superheating c amber t is provided at the bottom or steam andl tar, into to the 'top of thek sition downward through' the columns of cated fuel, as when blowingl f combustion chamber d so as tov cause themv that is chamber e and a superheatihg cham` Y. sam

`with an inlet y for air and-at the topl with a I as outlet e in connection by' a pipe a1 with a ydraulic box 1, and with a as outlet-2 controlled by a snift valve, w ereby it canbe placed in connection with 'the external atmosphere.A It is preferred however to employ, when convenient, and as shown in Fig. 2, a combined carbureting and su rheating device comprisin an outer cylinical ver-r tical casing 4 havlng a lining 5 of refractory material, and an inner tube 6 of .refractory f material that is supported at its lower end',

by a; perforated arch or false bottom 7 and @isl arranged centrall Jwithin the casing 4 so as to form therewit an. annular chamber 8. that is charged withfirebricks 9 arranged checkerwise. The upper portion of the chamber 8 is formed with a lateral inlet 10v that'is adapted to be connected to the gas' outlets b or e1,- at will, of the as generator a through the pi s f or an the two-wa valve at an is rovided at the to wit means, w ich may of the usual kin such as a nozzle w, for spraying oil into it. The lower end of the chamber 8,is in communication through the perforations 11 in the said arch or false bottom 7 with a supplementary' chamber 8* formed between the same/*and the true bottom of the casing 4-5 and with which the lower end of the inner' .tube 6 communicates. The upper end of the tubev communicates with an outlet pipe 2 providedwith a snift valve 3 for placing 1t in communication with `the external atmos here, and is connected laterally to a pipe 21 upper end of the main chamber 8 and the lower supplementary chamber 8* are rovided with valve controlled air inlet lpes 12 and 13 respectively. This combine carbureting and superheating apparatus acts in the same manner as .the separate Acarbureter and superheater shownin Fig. 1 but is more compact and cheaper. In each arrangement the gas purifying1 apparatus shown at 14 and connected to t e h draulic box 1, .may be of the ordinary kin 15 is' an air supplv main, and 16 are valves -for controlling t e, supply of air therefrom to the gas generator and the various chambers to which the air is to be supplied.

As will be obvious, the improvements inv vthe manufacture of carbureted` water. gas

temperature without allowing the burningA 1004 at is provided with a valve z2 and Ydips into an ordmary hydraulic box 1. The

gases tocome intoicontact with such fuel and simultaneously supplying liquid hydrocarbon to the top part of the upper highly heatedportion of the mass of fue 2.5 A `method of manufacturing gas which consists, in the blowingnp or preliminary stage, in raising a lower ignited portion of a mass of fuel to a state of incandescence by blowing air throu h it, burningsome of the resulting combusti le gases to heat anupper portion of the mass of fuel to a high temperature without allowing the burning gases to come into contact with such fuel,`simul' taneously supplying-liquid hydrocarbon to the top part of the upper highly heated p01'- tion of the mass of fuel and causing results ingjgaseous products of decomposition to burning some of the resulting combustible gases .to heat vau upper portionof the mass of jfue'l.` to .a high temperature without al` lowing the burning gasesto come into contact. with'suchfl'lel,` and, in the subse uent gas makingstage, cuttingpf. the supp of air tothe ower incandescent portion o 'the fuel mass, injecting gas producing Huid into the mass `of such lower portion of incandescent` fuel intermediately of the upper and lower ends thereof and causing the resulting gases of decomposition to pass-upwardly and be heated b the upper highly heated portion of the u'el mas 4. A method of manufacturing gas which consists,` in. the. blowing, up or preliminary stage, in raising a lower ignited portion of a mass of fuel to a state .of incandescence by blowing air through it, burning by the aid of a supp ementary air supply some of the resulting combustible gases to heat anupper portion of the mass of fuel to a high temperature without allowing the burning gases to come into contact with such fuel, and, in the subsequent gas makin stage, cutting -olf the supply of air to the iwer incandescent portion of the fuel mass, injecting hydrocarbon with steam into the mass of such lower portion of incandescent fuel intermediately of its upper and lower ends and causing the combustible gases thereby produced to pass upwardly and be heated by the upper highly heated portion of the fuel Il'laSS. f

5. A method of manufacturing gas which consists, in theblowing up or preliminary stage,- in raising a lower ignited portion of a mass of fuel to a state of incandescence by blowing air through it, burning some of the resulting combustible gases to heat an upper portion of the inassof fuel to a perature -withoutallowing the burning gases tocome into contact with' such fuel and simultaneously supplying liquid liydrocar` bon touthe top part ofthe upper highly heated portion of the fuel mass. and, in the subsequent gas making stage, cutting off the supply of air to the lower incandescent por; tion of the fuel mass, injecting gas producing fluid into such incandescent fuel, and causing the resulting gases of decomposition to pass upwardly and'be heated by the upper highly heated portion of the fuel mass.

G. A method of manufacturing gas which consists, in the blowing up oipreliminary stage, in raising a lower ignited portion of a mass of fuel toa state of incandescenee by lowerincandescent portion offthe fuel mass,

continuingthe supply of liquid-hydrocarbon to the upper portion-of the fuel mass, injecting gas producing fluid into the incandescent `fuel and causing the resulting gases of decomposition to pass upward and be heated by the upper portion of the highly heated fuel mass simultaneously with the gaseous products of decomposition obtained 1n such mass.

7. Amethod of manufacturing carbureted water gas, said method consisting in raising a lower mass of fuel to a state of inlcandescence by blowing air through it, burning some of the resultlng combustible ,gases to heat-an upper-mass offuel to a high temperature without allowing-the burnin gases to come into contact with such fue, cutting oli' the supplyvof air to the lower mass of incandescent fuel, injecting steam into the' mass of such lower portion of incandescent fuel intermediately of its upper and lower ends, causing the resulting water gas to pass upward through the upper heated mass of fuel, and carbureting and superheating such as.

8. A metho of manufacturing ,carbureted water gas, said method consisting in raising a lower mass of fuel to a'state of incandescence by blowin some of the resu ting combustible gases to heat an upper mass of fuel to ,a high temperature without allowing the burning gases to come into conta-ct with such fuel, simultaneously suppllying heavy hydrocarbon to the upper hig ly heated mass of fuel and causing resulting gaseous 'products of deair through it, burning l composition t downward through such mass of fuel an escape with the combustible gases esca ing from the lower mass of fuel, cutting ol the supfply of air to the lower incandescent mass o fuel, injectingsteam into such incandescent fuel, causing t e products of decomposition of the steam to ow through' the upper heatedmass of fuel, and carbureting and superheating the escaping gas.

9. A method of manufacturing carbureted water gas, said method consisting in raising ka lower mass of fuel to a state of incandescence by blowin ksome of the resu ting 4combustible gases to air through it,.burning heat an upper mass of fuel to a high temperature 4without allowing the burning gases l 'to come into contact with such fuel, cutting to heat an upper'mass of off the supply of air to the lower incandescent mass of fuel, injecting steam into such incandescent fuel and supplyin heavy hydrocarbonA to the upper highly eated mass of fuel, causing the gaseous products of decomposition of the steam to pass through the u per heated mass of fuel and become .mixed with the gaseous and va crous products of decomposition of the hydrocarbon, and superheating the mixture.

10. A method of manufacturing carburet-y ed water gas, said method consisting in raising a lower mass of fuel to a state of incandescence ing some of the resulting combustible gases by blowing air through it, burnfuel to a high ten1.

taneously supplying liquid hydrocarbon td the ,upper heated mass of fuel, causing-the' gaseous products of decomposition o the steam to Ipass upward through the upper heated mass of fuel and become mixed w1t the gaseous and vaporous' roducts of de composition of the hydrocar on, heating the mixture. i

11, A method of manufacturing carbureted water' gas, said method consisting in raising a lower mass of fuel to a state of incandescence by blowing air through it, burninglsome of the resulting combustible gases to eat an upper mass of fuel to a high temand super perature 4without, allowing the burning gases to come into contact with such off the suppl of air to the lower-incandescent mass o fuel, injecting steamand tar into such incandescent fuel, passing the resulting products of decomposition through the upper heated mass Iof fuel, and superheatino the 'as passing from such fuel.

12. met od of manufacturing carbureted water gas, said method consisting in raising a lower mass of fuel to a state of incandescence by blowing air through it, burning some of the resulting combustible gases to heat an' u per mass of fuel'to a high temperature wit out allowing the burning gases to come into contact with' such fuel, .cutting off the supply' of air to the lower .incandescent mass of fuel, injecting steam and tar fuel, cuttingV into such incandescent fuel, passing the resulting products of decomposition through the upper heated mass of fuel, andcarbureting and superheating the gas passing from such fuel.

Signed at London, of June 1906.

Witnesses EDwARD'Hrrr, FREDKL L. RAND.

England this 25th day 

